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Table 4 Estimated major feed resources and its proportion and weighted digestible values (DMD%) based on the three farming systems in the Selale milkshed

From: Enteric methane emission factors of smallholder dairy farming systems across intensification gradients in the central highlands of Ethiopia

Feed proportion (%)

Feed type

Urban

Peri-urban

Rural

Season

Wet season

Dry season

Wet season

Dry season

Wet season

Dry season

Pasture grazing

NF

NF

10.0

3.00

52.0

40.0

Grass hay

37.0

33.0

23.0

24.0

4.00

8.00

Crop residues and hulls

19.1

16.42

24.02

28.5

24.5

31.50

Cultivated forage

1.42

1.00

4.92

3.50

6.00

2.50

Compound dairy ration- concentrate

4.00

4.50

3.00

3.50

NF

NF

Bran, middling & other cereal grain mill by-products

19.5

20.0

16.0

18.0

7.00

8.50

Oil seed cake and middling

13.0

16.0

11.0

11.0

NF

2.00

Agro-industrial by-product

6.00

8.10

7.00

7.00

3.50

4.50

Local beverage residue (Atela)

NF

1.00

1.00

1.50

3.00

3.50

Diet DM digestibility %

62.58 ± 3.44a

61.89 ± 3.93a

60.69 ± 3.25b

59.82 ± 2.57b

57.46 ± 3.83c

54.08 ± 3.82d

Average DMD % (Mean ± SD)

62.3 ± 3.44a

60.3 ± 3.25b

 

55.8 ± 3.8c

  1. Means with different superscript letters in the same row indicate significant differences between seasons of the year at (P < 0.05)
  2. DMD dry matter digestibility, SD standard deviations, NF not fed