Fig. 6

Adjusted comparison of the average annual forest carbon fluxes between different flux datasets for 2001 to 2020. Panels are split up across the six biomes of Brazil (a) and across the whole country (b). Bars denote the average annual gross emissions/removals and black points and associated text denote the net forest carbon fluxes. The three flux datasets are the Global Earth Observation (EO) [17], the Brazilian National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGHGI) [38] and the independent estimate (SEEG) [43]. Adjustments to the Global EO data exclude gross removals in ‘Forest Land remaining Forest Land’ (FL → FL) in plantations and secondary forest (dashed areas) in the net flux calculation. The net flux is therefore only comprised of: FL → FL in managed old-growth forests; Other Land converted to Forest Land (OL → FL), namely secondary forest and Plantation areas. All datasets either only consider removals in managed forest lands or have been adjusted such that only these areas are considered. Black text refers to the adjusted net flux over the period of analysis. Note the original time-period for NGHGI was 2002 to 2016, and values have been adjusted to reflect the period 2001 to 2020 (see “Methodology”). The values for the Global EO are based on Adjustments 2a to 2c—i.e., using the NGHGI managed forest lands to extract area and removals in the Global EO and then excluding the aforenamed categories (see “Methodology”). Note the different scales in the Y-axis