Fig. 4

Average forest carbon flux estimates from different datasets over the period 2001 to 2020 across the Brazilian biomes. Bars denote the average annual gross emissions/removals and black points and associated text denote the net forest carbon fluxes over the period 2001 to 2020. All methods only consider removals in managed forest lands. The Global Earth Observation (EO) [17] values are based on the Adjustment 2b—i.e. using the NGHGI managed forest lands [38] to extract area and removals. Black points are the net flux over the period of analysis. Note the original period for NGHGI was 2002 to 2016, and values have been adjusted to reflect the period 2001 to 2020 (see “Methodology”). Percentages in brackets above each panel represents the percentage contribution of each biome to Brazil’s total net flux over the period. The range represents the lower and upper contribution amongst the three presented methods. Note varying scales on Y-axis