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Table 2 Evaluation index system of influencing factors of economic development performance

From: Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of China’s economic development performance under carbon emission constraints

Variable (abbreviated)

Meaning of variables

Specific indicators

Industrialization level (IN)

Reflect the overall level of industrial development

Proportion of output value of secondary industry (%)

Urbanization level (UR)

Reflect the overall level of urban development

Proportion of urban population in total population (%)

Energy efficiency (EN)

Reflect the efficiency of energy use

Energy consumption per unit of GDP (ton of standard coal/ten thousand yuan)

Vegetation coverage (VE)

Reflect the vegetation coverage

Forest coverage rate (%)

Environmental regulation (ENV)

Reflect comprehensive environmental protection efforts

Per capita SO2 emissions (t)

Motorization level (MO)

Reflect the circulation of economic activities

Number of civil motor vehicles owned by ten thousand people

Foreign investment (FO)

Reflecting the degree of openness

Actual foreign investment ($100 million)

Government intervention (GO)

Reflects the government’s ability to intervene in the economy

Government general budget revenue (100 million yuan)