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Table 1 Index system of economic development performance under carbon emission constraints

From: Spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of China’s economic development performance under carbon emission constraints

Index attribute

Index selection

Definition of Indicator

Input indicators

Urban built-up area/km2

Land input

Number of employees at year-end/ten thousand

Labor input

Total investment in fixed assets/100 million yuan

Capital input

R&D expenditure/100 million yuan

Technology input

Total carbon emission/t

Carbon emission pressure

Output indicators

Gross domestic product/100 million yuan

Economic output