Deriving emission factors for mangrove blue carbon ecosystem in Indonesia

Table 5 Greenhouse gas fluxes and soil carbon burial across Indonesian mangrove ecosystems under different management regimes

Carbon fluxes	Unit	Mean	n	Standard error	95% CI
Aquaculture
Soil CO₂ effluxes	Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	23.81	30	1.40	− 0.40 to 48.02
Soil CH₄ effluxes	Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	2.02	20	0.68	− 1.11 to 5.16
Soil N₂O effluxes	kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	9	0.16	NA
Soil carbon burial	Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	7	2.24	NA
Degraded mangrove
Soil CO₂ effluxes	Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	4	7.61	–
Soil CH₄ effluxes	Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	4.18	3	0.73	− 0.63 to 8.99
Soil N₂O effluxes	kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	NA	NA	–
Soil carbon burial	Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	1.22	NA	NA	0.39–2.05
Regenerated mangrove
Soil CO₂ effluxes	Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	13.49	NA	NA	2.39–24.6
Soil CH₄ effluxes	Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	4	1.51	–
Soil N₂O effluxes	kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	NA	NA	NA	–
Soil carbon burial	Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	1.67	8	0.35	0.87–2.46
Undisturbed mangrove
Soil CO₂ effluxes	Mg CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	7.87	7	4.54	5.00–10.74
Soil CH₄ effluxes	Mg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	0.98	NA	NA	− 0.44 to 2.4
Soil N₂O effluxes	kg CO₂-eq ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	− 0.12	NA	NA	− 0.48 to 0.25
Soil carbon burial	Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹	3.20	5	0.29	− 2.28 to 8.69

The plots of mean, standard error, and confidence interval for all GHG fluxes calculated using a random-effects model are shown in Additional file 1: Figs. S23–S31

ISSN: 1750-0680