Table 3 Changes in soil properties resulting from thinning intensity (mean ± SE)
From: Thinning effects on stand growth, carbon stocks, and soil properties in Brutia pine plantations
Soil properties | Soil depth (cm) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–10 cm | 10–20 cm | 20–30 cm | |||||||
Control | Moderate | Heavy | Control | Moderate | Heavy | Control | Moderate | Heavy | |
BD (g/l) | 1016 ± 54a | 1001 ± 52a | 1013 ± 63a | 1061 ± 57a | 1073 ± 55a | 1116 ± 67a | 1074 ± 75a | 1010 ± 47a | 1067 ± 75a |
Sand (%) | 27.1 ± 3.7a | 26.1 ± 3.8a | 28.4 ± 5.2a | 21.6 ± 4.1a | 23.4 ± 3.5a | 27.2 ± 5.9a | 21.5 ± 3.6a | 22.1 ± 3.4a | 26.7 ± 6.5a |
Silt (%) | 28.7 ± 1.7a | 27.9 ± 2.1a | 29.4 ± 1.9a | 30.1 ± 2.4a | 29.8 ± 2.2a | 29.9 ± 2.0a | 30.5 ± 2.7a | 31.8 ± 2.0a | 29.6 ± 2.1a |
Clay (%) | 44.1 ± 2.8a | 45.9 ± 3.1a | 42.2 ± 3.6a | 48.3 ± 3.2a | 46.8 ± 2.6a | 42.8 ± 4.3a | 48.0 ± 3.0a | 46.4 ± 1.7a | 43.6 ± 4.9a |
pH | 7.6 ± 0.06a | 7.7 ± 0.03a | 7.7 ± 0.06a | 7.7 ± 0.06a | 7.8 ± 0.03a | 7.8 ± 0.04a | 7.7 ± 0.05a | 7.8 ± 0.02a | 7.8 ± 0.02a |
EC (mS/cm) | 0.21 ± 0.03a | 0.23 ± 0.03a | 0.21 ± 0.03a | 0.21 ± 0.03a | 0.22 ± 0.03a | 0.21 ± 0.02a | 0.22 ± 0.03a | 0.21 ± 0.03a | 0.19 ± 0.02a |
TL (%) | 14.8 ± 6.4a | 10.6 ± 2.9a | 15.1 ± 5.2a | 16.1 ± 6.5a | 17.2 ± 3.8a | 21.0 ± 5.5a | 21.4 ± 7.6a | 21.3 ± 4.4a | 23.6 ± 5.2a |
OC (%) | 4.55 ± 0.69a | 4.02 ± 0.31a | 3.74 ± 0.43a | 2.93 ± 0.54a | 2.48 ± 0.26a | 2.58 ± 0.27a | 2.15 ± 0.36a | 1.99 ± 0.27a | 1.97 ± 0.22a |
N (%) | 0.25 ± 0.02a | 0.24 ± 0.01a | 0.23 ± 0.02a | 0.18 ± 0.02a | 0.18 ± 0.01a | 0.18 ± 0.02a | 0.15 ± 0.02a | 0.16 ± 0.01a | 0.16 ± 0.01a |
P (mg kg−1) | 14.5 ± 2.0a | 14.8 ± 1.5a | 14.5 ± 1.7a | 8.9 ± 1.6a | 8.9 ± 1.5a | 10.3 ± 1.3a | 7.4 ± 1.6a | 6.4 ± 1.1a | 7.8 ± 1.1a |
K (mg kg−1) | 361 ± 19a | 270 ± 58a | 366 ± 31a | 314 ± 22a | 365 ± 46a | 271 ± 32a | 249 ± 20a | 285 ± 33a | 221 ± 33a |
Ca (mg kg−1) | 11,408 ± 90a | 11,916 ± 67a | 12,327 ± 68a | 10,990 ± 65a | 11,736 ± 64a | 12,420 ± 61a | 11,245 ± 74a | 11,608 ± 61a | 12,208 ± 69a |
Mg (mg kg−1) | 1062 ± 136a | 1040 ± 92a | 1026 ± 118a | 916 ± 99a | 940 ± 88a | 918 ± 123a | 854 ± 102a | 824 ± 72a | 896 ± 109a |
S (mg kg−1) | 5.55 ± 04.5a | 5.65 ± 0.52a | 5.13 ± 0.49a | 4.19 ± 0.39a | 4.38 ± 0.52a | 3.90 ± 0.42a | 3.92 ± 0.44a | 3.15 ± 0.45a | 2.84 ± 0.32a |