Fig. 6

Contributions of rising atmospheric CO₂ (simulation S1 minus simulation S0), climate change (simulation S2 minus simulation S1), and land-use change (simulation S3 minus simulation S2) to estimate the difference in national terrestrial CO₂ flux between the periods of 2008–2016 and 2000–2008 in South Korea and North Korea estimated from nine TRENDY multi-model means. Simulation S3 was forced with historical changes in atmospheric CO₂, climate, and land use. The annual land use did not vary in simulation S2, while the changes in climate and land use were not prescribed in simulation S1. Meanwhile, in simulation S0 was not forced with the annual changes of any of the factors