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Table 3 Average annual GHG emissions and C footprint during crop growth seasons over the two years (kg CO2-eq ha−1)

From: Comparison of carbon footprint and net ecosystem carbon budget under organic material retention combined with reduced mineral fertilizer

T

Indirect emission

Direct emission

Average GHG emissions

Yield ( kg ha−1)

Carbon footprint ( kg CO2-eq kg−1 grain)

N

P

K

Diesel

Electricity

Pesticides

CH4

N2O

CK

1531

18

73

476

1048

462

5863c

260

9731c

15209b

0.63c

RA

1301

18

73

476

1048

462

16037a

169

19584a

19479a

1.01a

RB

1206

18

73

476

1048

462

7164c

189

10636c

20530a

0.52c

RC

1110

18

73

476

1048

462

13577b

261

17025b

20124a

0.85b

  1. T represents treatment; GHG represents greenhouse gas; C represents carbon; yield represents Chinese milk vetch straw and rice biomass. The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05