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Table 4 Perturbation tests for January 2007

From: Assessing Lagrangian inverse modelling of urban anthropogenic CO2 fluxes using in situ aircraft and ground-based measurements in the Tokyo area

Experiment description

Kanto urban emissions Mt/month (all period average)

Relative difference with respect to reference

Prior (EDGAR)

34

− 26%

Reference inversion

46

0%

Changes in observations amount and location

 No CONTRAIL

40

− 13%

 Including night observations

41

− 11%

Perturbations in transport modelling

 Space shift 1 grid cell [0 1]

56

21%

 Space shift 2 grid cells [0 2]

61

32%

 Time shift 1 h [1 0]

52

13%

 Time shift 2 h [2 0]

54

17%

 WRF meteorology

57

23%

Different background representations

 Mauna Loa (ML)

71

54%

 ML + 2 ppm

58

26%

 ML − 2 ppm

84

82%

 AGCM-BDE (i.e. with backward diffusive ensembles)

53

15%

 AGCM-BDE + 2 ppm

40

− 13%

 AGCM-BDE − 2 ppm

67

45%

Inventory

 2× EDGAR

49

7%

 3× EDGAR

50

9%

 CDIAC

33 (from prior 11)

− 28% (+ 300% from prior)

 EDGAR + VISIT

47

2%

 EDGAR + CASA

47

2%

  1. The changes are in the observations amount and location, perturbations in transport modelling, different background representations and inventory perturbations. The baseline inversions used as control correspond to all observations night time excluded, ECMWF winds with no SRR shift, observations-derived background and EDGAR inventory