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Table 4 Estimated cumulative carbon mass and southern Ontario wetland carbon stocks

From: Potential carbon loss associated with post-settlement wetland conversion in southern Ontario, Canada

 

Estimated cumulative carbon massa (kg C m−2), mean [SD]

Areal extent estimate (km2)

Carbon stock (Tg C), estimate [SD]c

Pre-settlement wetlandsb

Current wetlands

Pre-settlement wetlands

Current wetlands

Tree swampd

 

10,111

8342

1156 [494]

954 [408]

 Coniferous

180 [104]

    

 Mixed

101 [58]

    

 Deciduous

94 [76]

    

Shrub swamp

136 [116]

2192

1167

298 [254]

159 [135]

Fen

160 [76]

55

53

9 [4]

8 [4]

Bog

173 [81]

109

89

19 [9]

15 [7]

Marsh

142 [89]

12,509

1381

1776 [1118]

196 [123]

Total

 

24,975

11,032

3258 [1249]

1332 [447]

(All)e

137 [98]

  

3422 [2448]

1511 [1081]

  1. a Product of the estimated average peat depth (Table 2) and the organic carbon density (Table 3). See Additional file 1: Appendix S1 for more details
  2. b Some values are marginally smaller than the pre-settlement totals shown in Table 1, as natural area with shallow substrates (i.e., ‘rocky’—beach, cliff, alvar) have been subtracted. See Additional file 1: Appendix S1 for a detailed procedure
  3. c Product of the cumulative carbon mass and the wetland extent. Estimated uncertainties (SD) reflect only the carbon density estimates; the carbon stock values have greater uncertainties from the errors of wetland mapping which are not accounted for here (Additional file 1: Appendix S1)
  4. d Tree swamp extent was proportioned based on the current forest cover ratio (coniferous:mixed:deciduous = 22:25:54) of the study area, assuming a similar distribution of tree species in forests and forested wetlands
  5. e From the cumulative carbon mass estimate from all sites and samples (the bottom rows of Tables 2 and 3). The carbon stocks in the same row are derived from this average carbon mass, without classifying by wetland types