Revised methane emissions factors and spatially distributed annual carbon fluxes for global livestock

Wolf, Julie; Asrar, Ghassem R.; West, Tristram O.

doi:10.1186/s13021-017-0084-y

Table 2 Cattle and swine manure management emissions input factors used for this study, as compared with those used/published by IPCC

From: Revised methane emissions factors and spatially distributed annual carbon fluxes for global livestock

Region^e	Average animal body mass (kg)		Volatile solids (kg year⁻¹)		B_o (m³ CH₄/kg VS)		MCF for dry systems^f		MCF liquid
Region^e	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study
Dairy cattle
US and Canada	600	680^e	1971	2703 [12, 39]	0.24	0.24 [12]	1.2	1 [12, 70]	20.0	29.5 [12]
W. Europe	600	624^e	1862	1632 [70]	0.24	0.23 [70]	1.5	3.1 [70]	20.0	26 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	550	572^e	1643	1705 [70]	0.24	0.24 [70]	1.7	1.8 [70]	17.0	NA
Oceania	500	565^e	1278	1033 [70]	0.24	0.24 [70]	1.4	1.4 [70]	50.0	35.0 [70]
Latin America	400	458^e	1059	1507^h	0.13	0.13^g	0.9	0.9^g	65.0	65.0^g
E.–S.E. Asia	350	500^e	1022	1602^h	0.13	0.13^g	1.7	2.0 [9]	19.0	20.0 [9]
Africa	275	355^e	694	1071^h	0.13	0.13^g	1.9	1.9^g	46.0	NA
S. Asia	275	281^e	949	975^h	0.13	0.13^g	5.6	5.6^g	55.0	55.0^g
Meat/other cattle
US and Canada	389	420 [70]	876	1059 [70]	0.19	0.20 [12, 39]^a	1.0	1.4 [12, 39]	20.0	34.0 [12, 39]
W. Europe	420	401 [70]	949	726 [70]	0.18	0.19 [70]	1.5	4.5 [70]	20.0	29.0 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	391	351 [70]	986	923 [70]	0.17	0.17 [70]	1.6	1.7 [70]	17.0	20.0 [70]
Oceania	330	376 [70]	1095	965 [70]	0.17	0.17 [70]	1.5	1.5 [70]	NA	NA
Latin America	305	323 [80, 81]	913	779^h	0.10	0.10^g	1.5	1.5^g	NA	NA
E.–S.E. Asia	319	259 [59]	840	546^h	0.10	0.10^g	1.2	1.2^g	NA	NA
Africa	173	173^g	548	548^g	0.10	0.10^g	1.7	1.7^g	NA	NA
S. Asia	110	208 [78]	511	676^h	0.10	0.10^g	5.9	5.9^g	55.0	55.0^g
Swine
US and Canada	61	60 [70]	99	106 [70]	0.48	0.48 [70]	1.5	1.5 [12, 70]	20.0	30.7 [12, 70]
W. Europe	50	76 [70]	110	113 [70]	0.45	0.41 [70]	1.8	4.4 [70]	20.0	26.5 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	50	55 [70]	110	168 [70]	0.45	0.45 [70]	2.3	2.0 [70]	17.0	20.0 [70]
Oceania	45	61 [70]	102	113 [70]	0.45	0.45 [70]	1.4	1.0 [70]	65.0	65.0 [70]
Latin America	28	60 [82]	110	106 [82]	0.29	0.48 [82]	1.5	1.5 [82]	60.0	60.0 [82]
E.–S.E. Asia	28	60 [62, 83]	110	110^g	0.29	0.29^g	1.0	1.0^g	19.0	19.0^g
Africa	28	28^g	110	110^g	0.29	0.29^g	1.7	1.7^g	60.0	60.0^g
S. Asia	28	28^g	110	110^g	0.29	0.29^g	3.0	3.0^g	55.0	55.0^g

Region	MCF lagoon		MCF digester/other	% of manure managed in dry systems a		% of manure managed in liquid and deep pit systems		% of manure managed in lagoon systems		% of manure managed in digesters/other
Region	IPCC 2006^d	This study	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study	IPCC 2006^d	This study
Dairy cattle
US and Canada	70.0	71 [12, 39]	NA	58	42 [12, 39]	30	24.3 [12, 39]	15	33.6 [12, 39]	0	0 [12]
W. Europe	70.0	42 [70]	18.0 [70]	64	54 [70]	36	41 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	5 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	66.0	NA	NA	83	100 [70]	18	0 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	0 [70]
Oceania	78.0	90.0 [70]	NA	84	95 [70]	1	0 [70]	16	5 [70]	0	0 [70]
Latin America	78.0	NA	NA	99	99 [73]	1	1 [73]	0	0 [73]	0	0 [73]
E.–S.E. Asia	68.0	NA	10.0^d	56	66 [59]	38	25 [9]	4	0 [59]	2	9 [59]
Africa	79.0	NA	NA	100	100^g	0	0^g	0	0^g	0	0^g
S. Asia	79.0	NA	10.0^d	99	80 [84]	1	0 [84]	0	0 [84]	1	20 [84]^b
Meat/other cattle
US and Canada	NA	NA	NA	100	100 [12, 39]	0	1 [12, 39]^c	0	0 [12, 39]	0	0 [12, 39]
W. Europe	NA	NA	NA	75	72 [70]	25	26 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	3 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	NA	NA	NA	78	86 [70]	23	14 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	0 [70]
Oceania	NA	NA	NA	100	100 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	0 [70]	0	0 [70]
Latin America	NA	NA	NA	100	100^g	0	0^g	0	0^g	0	0^g
E.–S.E. Asia	NA	NA	NA	100	98 [59]	0	0 [59]	0	0 [59]	0	2 [59]
Africa	NA	NA	NA	100	100^g	0	0^g	0	0^g	0	0^g
S. Asia	NA	NA	NA	99	99^g	1	1^g	0	0^g	0	0^g
Swine
US and Canada	70.0	72.2 [12, 39]	NA	8	6 [12, 39]	59	58 [12, 39]	33	36 [12, 39]	0	0 [12]
W. Europe	70.0	41.7 [70]	16.5	22	13 [70]	70	58 [70]	9	3 [70]	0	26 [70]
E. Eur.–Ctrl. Asia	66.0	NA	NA	72	37 [70]	25	63 [70]	3	0 [70]	0	0 [70]
Oceania	78.0	90.0 [70]	10.0	46	23 [70]	0	0 [70]	54	76 [70]	0	1 [70]
Latin America	79.0	79.0 [82]	NA	93	30 [82]	8	0 [82]	0	70 [82]	0	0 [82]
E.–S.E. Asia	68.0	68.0^g	10.0	54	28 [63, 85,86,87]	40	55 [63, 85,86,87]	0	0^g	7	18 [63, 85,86,87]
Africa	79.0	NA	NA	94	94^g	6	6^g	0	0^g	0	0^g
S. Asia	79.0	NA	NA	69	69^g	22	22^g	9	9^g	0	0^g

NA not applicable
^aB_o for US meat/other cattle was calculated as the weighted average of on-feed and not-on-feed live-animal biomass. We estimated that 17.2% of US meat/other cattle live animal mass is on-feed in 2012, based on reported body masses and populations [39]. Values of B_o for these populations was taken from [12]
^bCH₄ emissions from the estimated 20% of manure that is burned for fuel in this region were considered similar to emissions from manure treated in anaerobic digestors for lack of specific information; CH₄ and/or volatile solids assumed to be oxidized to CO₂ when burned
^cTable A-206 in [12] states “because manure from beef feedlots…may be managed for long periods of time in multiple systems (i.e. both drylot and runoff collection pond), the percent of manure that generates emissions is greater than 100%.”
^dCalculated using information in supplemental tables in Chapter 10 of IPCC 2006 [4]
^eSee Table 1 for the country/countries on which regional values are based, and for dairy cattle weight sources
^fDry systems include dry lot, pasture/range, solid, daily spread, burned, and pit storage <1 month
^gUnchanged from information in supplemental tables in Chapter 10 of IPCC 2006 [4] due to lack of newer information
^hCalculated using the updated information presented here in Eq. 10.24 in Chapter 10 of IPCC 2006 [4]

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