Future productivity and phenology changes in European grasslands for different warming levels: implications for grassland management and carbon balance

Table 4 The NBP of European grassland simulated by ORCHIDEE-GM v2.2 from experiment E _control, E _fixD, and E _noco2

Experiment	Period	Europe	Nordic	British Isles	Western	Mediterranean	Alpine	North eastern	South eastern	Eastern
E _control	SWL1.5	6 ± 17	−3 ± 31	−10 ± 23	1 ± 23	17 ± 46	10 ± 26	8 ± 23	19 ± 57	16 ± 35
	SWL2	5 ± 17	−1 ± 32	−5 ± 20	−0 ± 23	11 ± 61	11 ± 23	5 ± 24	17 ± 45	13 ± 36
	SWL3	2 ± 24	2 ± 36	−2 ± 23	−1 ± 32	3 ± 51	9 ± 21	0 ± 21	7 ± 64	6 ± 26
	SWL3.5	−3 ± 32	−0 ± 33	−5 ± 25	−9 ± 49	−3 ± 59	10 ± 20	−4 ± 26	−4 ± 83	4 ± 28
E _fixD	SWL1.5	7 ± 17	−2 ± 31	−10 ± 23	1 ± 23	18 ± 46	11 ± 26	10 ± 23	19 ± 57	17 ± 35
	SWL2	6 ± 17	0 ± 32	−4 ± 20	0 ± 23	13 ± 61	14 ± 23	8 ± 24	19 ± 45	14 ± 36
	SWL3	4 ± 25	4 ± 37	−0 ± 23	0 ± 32	5 ± 52	14 ± 21	4 ± 20	10 ± 64	8 ± 26
	SWL3.5	−2 ± 32	2 ± 34	−2 ± 24	−8 ± 49	−3 ± 60	15 ± 19	−0 ± 26	−2 ± 83	6 ± 29
E _noco2	SWL1.5	−12 ± 16	−14 ± 27	−27 ± 20	−20 ± 24	−4 ± 42	−5 ± 21	−7 ± 23	−2 ± 58	−1 ± 31
	SWL2	−17 ± 16	−15 ± 27	−27 ± 22	−25 ± 26	−14 ± 54	−8 ± 19	−13 ± 22	−7 ± 47	−7 ± 30
	SWL3	−17 ± 22	−13 ± 26	−19 ± 23	−22 ± 36	−19 ± 42	−9 ± 15	−17 ± 25	−15 ± 64	−14 ± 22
	SWL3.5	−21 ± 30	−14 ± 22	−19 ± 25	−28 ± 55	−22 ± 46	−9 ± 16	−21 ± 34	−24 ± 81	−14 ± 19

The NBP is presented as 30-year mean value ± standard deviation of interannual variability. Positive value indicates a carbon sink, while negative value indicates a carbon source of grassland ecosystem

ISSN: 1750-0680