Future productivity and phenology changes in European grasslands for different warming levels: implications for grassland management and carbon balance

Table 1 Drivers for different experiments in this study

Experiment	Climate^a	Land cover^b	Managed grassland area^c	Atmospheric CO₂ concentration	Management strategy
E ^d_hist	Varied for 1901–2010	Varied for 1901–2010	Varied for 1901–2010	Varied for 1901–2010	Adaptive management change algorithm simulating potential livestock density
E _control	Varied for 2011–2100	Constant as in 2010	Constant as in 2010	Varied for 2011–2100 (A1B scenario)	Adaptive management change algorithm simulating potential livestock density
E _noco2	Varied for 2011–2100	Constant as in 2010	Constant as in 2010	Constant as in 2010	Adaptive management change algorithm simulating potential livestock density
E _fixD	Varied for 2011–2100	Constant as in 2010	Constant as in 2010	Varied for 2011–2100 (A1B scenario)	Adaptive management change algorithm with constant livestock density

^aClimate change for 2011–2100 is predicted by REMO driven by ECHAM5 climate for A1B scenario [49] provided by the ENSEMBLE project (http://www.ensembles-eu.org/)
^bLand cover is derived from HILDA dataset [52]
^cArea of managed grassland is calculated using the same method as in previous study for historical period [40]
^dSee Chang et al. [40] for detail protocol of simulation

ISSN: 1750-0680