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Table 1 Default values for net caloric value, effective CO2 emission factors (Source: IPCC 2006), and life cycle CO2 emissions (Source: http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk)

From: Harvested wood products and REDD+: looking beyond the forest border

Energy source

Net caloric value (TJ/Gg)

Effective CO2 emissions (kg/MWh)

Life cycle CO2 emissions (including production) (kg/MWh)

Lignite

11.9

364

414

Residual fuel oil

40.4

279

314

Natural gas

48.0

202

227

Wood/wood waste

15.6

403

403a

  1. aAssuming utilization for subsistence with only manual interventions