Table 2 Carbon emissions reduction intensities attributable to fossil fuel consumption, as a result of HWP substitution for non-wooden materials

Building construction: substitution of wooden buildings for non-wooden buildings

kgC m⁻²

[55]

Civil engineering: substitution of wooden piles for cement and sand piles

kgC m⁻³

[44]

Civil engineering: substitution of wooden guardrails for metal guardrails

kgC m⁻³

[43]

Furniture: substitution of wooden furniture for metal furniture

kgC m⁻³

[55]