Table 2 Options for estimating activity data and emission factors for historical degradation on the national level beyond the use of default data (Tier 1).
Activity and driver of forest degradation | Suitable and available data sources for activity data (on national level) | Suitable and available data sources for emission factors (on national level) |
|---|---|---|
Extraction of forest products for subsistence and local markets, such as fuelwood and charcoal | • Limited historical data • Information from local scale studies or national proxies (i.e. population growth and wood demand), if available • Only long-term cumulative changes may be observed from historical satellite data | • Limited historical data • Information from local scale studies, community-based monitoring or permanent sample plots, if available • Emission factors can be measured at present time and applied consistently for historical periods with suitable activity data |
Industrial/commercial extraction of forest products such as selective logging | • Historical satellite data (Landsat time series) analysed with concession areas • Direct approach should be explored for recent years (i.e. since year circa-2000, depending on national coverage) and indirect approach for longer periods (back to 1990) | • National forest inventories and harvest estimates from commercial forestry (i.e. company records of wood volume extracted in selective logging activities in the past), if available • Emission factors can be measured today and can be applied consistently for historical periods with suitable activity data |
Other disturbances such as (uncontrolled) wildfires | • Historical satellite-based fire data records (since 2000) to be analysed with Landsat-type data | • Emission factors can be measured today and can be applied consistently for historical periods with suitable activity data |